THE PRACTICE STUDIO
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PRACTICE / Elastic potential energy
A compressed spring launches a cart
A 0.50 kg cart is released against a spring of stiffness 200 N/m compressed 0.10 m on a smooth horizontal track.
Find the cart speed when the spring reaches natural length.
Organize the givens & assumptions
- m = 0.50 kg
- k = 200 N/m
- x = 0.10 m
Ideal massless Hookean spring, smooth horizontal track and no losses; cart starts from rest at the stated compression.
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Problem: A compressed spring launches a cart
A 0.50 kg cart is released against a spring of stiffness 200 N/m compressed 0.10 m on a smooth horizontal track.
Question: Find the cart speed when the spring reaches natural length.
Givens:
- m = 0.50 kg
- k = 200 N/m
- x = 0.10 m
Assumptions: Ideal massless Hookean spring, smooth horizontal track and no losses; cart starts from rest at the stated compression.
Choices (LaTeX):
A. 20\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}
B. 2\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}
C. 4\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}
D. 1\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}
Ask for my approach first. Help me distinguish a physical misconception from an algebra error without revealing which choice is correct.
Tutoring approach:
Act as a patient physics tutor. Ask what I understand and what I have tried, then wait for my reply. Teach one step at a time; do not give the final answer or a complete solution immediately. Start with a physical picture. Define unfamiliar symbols and operators, explain signs and units, and state the model's assumptions. Give progressively stronger hints only when I need them. Ask me to predict a change before calculating it. When I finish, help me check dimensions and a limiting case, then ask one related transfer question. If information is missing or ambiguous, ask rather than inventing it. Distinguish exact results from approximations and acknowledge uncertainty.Start with the smallest hint.
Work through it with me.
One decision at a time. Pause, predict, then unpack the algebra.
All the initially stored spring energy becomes cart kinetic energy at natural length.
Choose a physical relation
The spring's stored elastic energy becomes cart kinetic energy as compression falls to zero.
Isolate what is asked
All the initially stored spring energy becomes cart kinetic energy at natural length.
Why is this step valid?
Equate initial spring energy to final kinetic energy; both one-half factors cancel before taking the square root.
Substitute and interpret
Speed is 2 m/s at natural length; spring force is then zero even though cart speed is greatest during contact.
The initial and final energies both equal one joule.
TRY THE IDEA AGAIN
At natural length, must the cart stop because the spring force is zero?
YOUR LEARNING NOTE
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