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Post office box experiment →
Teaching section in Electrical instruments: meter ranges and bridge balances. Design a shunt or multiplier, quantify loading and infer an unknown resistance from a reproducible null.
Concept section
Potential difference →
Teaching section in Electric potential and energy. Read a voltage map, track signed work and choose between fields and energy.
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Potential-energy diagrams →
Teaching section in Work, stored energy and power. Choose a system, account for each transfer and read possible motion from an energy balance.
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Power →
Teaching section in Work, stored energy and power. Choose a system, account for each transfer and read possible motion from an energy balance.
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Pressure-volume work →
Teaching section in Heat, work and thermodynamic paths. Use energy conservation with an explicit system and sign convention, then audit every leg of a gas cycle.
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Radius of gyration →
Teaching section in Torque, rotational inertia and fixed-axis dynamics. Derive the axis-dependent quantities that connect turning forces to angular motion.
Concept section
Refraction at a spherical surface →
Teaching section in Images at refracting surfaces and thin lenses. Use one sign convention, construct the rays and carry intermediate images through the system.
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Refrigerators →
Teaching section in Heat engines, refrigerators and entropy. Use energy and entropy as separate checks on a complete thermal cycle.
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Relative motion →
Teaching section in Projectile motion and moving observers. Use one clock for both axes, then simplify encounters by comparing relative positions and velocities.
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Resistors in series and parallel →
Teaching section in Current, resistance and circuit constraints. Connect microscopic drift to wire geometry, circuit topology and temperature-dependent power.
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Resonance tube experiment →
Teaching section in Standing waves, pipe modes and resonance measurements. Use boundary conditions to find nodes, harmonics and the information hidden in resonance spacings.
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RLC circuits →
Teaching section in From LC energy exchange to RLC resonance. Connect charge, current, phase and loss without confusing three different frequencies.
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RMS quantities →
Teaching section in Alternating circuits: phase, RMS and real power. Build the circuit response from derivatives, then use phasors and energy to check it.
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Rolling energy →
Teaching section in Rolling motion and angular momentum. Connect the contact constraint to rotation, then choose when angular momentum is the conserved quantity.
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Second law →
Teaching section in Heat engines, refrigerators and entropy. Use energy and entropy as separate checks on a complete thermal cycle.
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Self-inductance →
Teaching section in Induction, moving conductors and magnetic energy. Follow the changing flux, establish the sign, and close the energy account.
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Single-slit diffraction →
Teaching section in Interference, diffraction and the structure of a fringe pattern. Turn path differences into phase, add fields and keep slit width distinct from slit separation.
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Small-angle approximations →
Teaching section in Exponential change, logarithms and controlled approximations. Recognise fractional change, solve for time and decide when a small-angle model is accurate enough.
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Sound intensity and decibels →
Teaching section in Sound: Doppler shifts, beats and intensity levels. Count arriving wavefronts, track a changing phase difference and use decibels as logarithmic ratios.
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Sound speed →
Teaching section in Travelling waves, superposition and energy. Read a wave equation, distinguish particle motion from propagation and connect phase to energy transport.