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Entropy →
Teaching section in Heat engines, refrigerators and entropy. Use energy and entropy as separate checks on a complete thermal cycle.
Concept section
Equipartition →
Teaching section in Gases: state variables, molecular speeds and collisions. Connect pressure and temperature to particle motion, then distinguish collision distance from collision time.
Concept section
Equipotential surfaces →
Teaching section in Electric potential and energy. Read a voltage map, track signed work and choose between fields and energy.
Concept section
Escape speed →
Teaching section in Gravitational fields, orbits and escape. Distinguish vector fields from potential energy and apply the right model inside and outside a sphere.
Concept section
Excess pressure in drops and bubbles →
Teaching section in Capillarity and curved interfaces. Read the meniscus, count the interfaces and connect pressure, height and surface energy.
Concept section
Field of a current loop →
Teaching section in Magnetic forces, selected velocities and current-produced fields. Use cross products for direction, circular dynamics for motion and Biot–Savart geometry for field sources.
Concept section
Fields of continuous charge distributions →
Teaching section in Electric forces, fields and charge distributions. Use vectors, integration and symmetry to choose the right method for an electrostatic field.
Concept section
Floating equilibrium →
Teaching section in Pressure, floating and fluid support. Derive pressure from equilibrium, then use it to explain buoyancy and support readings.
Concept section
Focal length experiment →
Teaching section in Magnifiers, telescopes, microscopes and focal measurements. Trace the intermediate image, define the viewing condition and connect optical models to a bench experiment.
Concept section
Forced oscillations and resonance →
Teaching section in Damping, driving and the meaning of resonance. Follow the energy, impose the initial conditions, and say which response is being measured.
Concept section
Gas heat capacities →
Teaching section in Heat, work and thermodynamic paths. Use energy conservation with an explicit system and sign convention, then audit every leg of a gas cycle.
Concept section
Gauss law →
Teaching section in Electric forces, fields and charge distributions. Use vectors, integration and symmetry to choose the right method for an electrostatic field.
Concept section
Geostationary and synchronous orbits →
Teaching section in Gravitational fields, orbits and escape. Distinguish vector fields from potential energy and apply the right model inside and outside a sphere.
Concept section
Gravitational superposition →
Teaching section in Gravitational fields, orbits and escape. Distinguish vector fields from potential energy and apply the right model inside and outside a sphere.
Concept section
Gravity inside a sphere →
Teaching section in Gravitational fields, orbits and escape. Distinguish vector fields from potential energy and apply the right model inside and outside a sphere.
Concept section
Half-life →
Teaching section in Radioactive decay, half-life and mean life. Connect survival probability to measured activity, then test the assumptions behind an inferred age.
Concept section
Heat capacity →
Teaching section in Heat balances, conduction and cooling. Track energy through mixing and phase changes, then distinguish steady heat flow from a changing temperature.
Concept section
Impulse →
Teaching section in Impulse, momentum and collisions. Choose the system and interval, then connect momentum exchange to centre-of-mass motion and impact outcomes.
Concept section
Induced electric fields →
Teaching section in Induction, moving conductors and magnetic energy. Follow the changing flux, establish the sign, and close the energy account.
Concept section
Inductor energy →
Teaching section in Induction, moving conductors and magnetic energy. Follow the changing flux, establish the sign, and close the energy account.