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Clear filtersConcept section
Integrals and accumulated change →
Teaching section in Rates and accumulation: calculus for physics. Connect tangents, areas and initial conditions so that derivatives and integrals describe real changes.
Concept section
Intrinsic and doped semiconductors →
Teaching section in Semiconductor junctions, rectifiers and Zener regulation. Explain the carriers, choose a diode model and verify the operating state before trusting the output.
Concept section
Isobaric processes →
Teaching section in Heat, work and thermodynamic paths. Use energy conservation with an explicit system and sign convention, then audit every leg of a gas cycle.
Concept section
Isochoric processes →
Teaching section in Heat, work and thermodynamic paths. Use energy conservation with an explicit system and sign convention, then audit every leg of a gas cycle.
Concept section
Isothermal processes →
Teaching section in Heat, work and thermodynamic paths. Use energy conservation with an explicit system and sign convention, then audit every leg of a gas cycle.
Concept section
Kepler laws →
Teaching section in Gravitational fields, orbits and escape. Distinguish vector fields from potential energy and apply the right model inside and outside a sphere.
Concept section
Kinetic friction →
Teaching section in Connected bodies, sliding friction and accelerating frames. Build force equations from the system, the contact state and the geometry of each connection.
Concept section
Kinetic interpretation of pressure →
Teaching section in Gases: state variables, molecular speeds and collisions. Connect pressure and temperature to particle motion, then distinguish collision distance from collision time.
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Latent heat →
Teaching section in Heat balances, conduction and cooling. Track energy through mixing and phase changes, then distinguish steady heat flow from a changing temperature.
Concept section
LEDs, photodiodes and solar cells →
Teaching section in Semiconductor junctions, rectifiers and Zener regulation. Explain the carriers, choose a diode model and verify the operating state before trusting the output.
Concept section
Lens maker’s formula →
Teaching section in Images at refracting surfaces and thin lenses. Use one sign convention, construct the rays and carry intermediate images through the system.
Concept section
Lens power →
Teaching section in Images at refracting surfaces and thin lenses. Use one sign convention, construct the rays and carry intermediate images through the system.
Concept section
Lenz law →
Teaching section in Induction, moving conductors and magnetic energy. Follow the changing flux, establish the sign, and close the energy account.
Concept section
Longitudinal waves →
Teaching section in Travelling waves, superposition and energy. Read a wave equation, distinguish particle motion from propagation and connect phase to energy transport.
Concept section
Lorentz force →
Teaching section in Magnetic forces, selected velocities and current-produced fields. Use cross products for direction, circular dynamics for motion and Biot–Savart geometry for field sources.
Concept section
Magnetic dipole moment →
Teaching section in Magnetic forces, selected velocities and current-produced fields. Use cross products for direction, circular dynamics for motion and Biot–Savart geometry for field sources.
Concept section
Magnetic field of a dipole →
Teaching section in Magnetic forces, selected velocities and current-produced fields. Use cross products for direction, circular dynamics for motion and Biot–Savart geometry for field sources.
Concept section
Magnetic flux →
Teaching section in Induction, moving conductors and magnetic energy. Follow the changing flux, establish the sign, and close the energy account.
Concept section
Mean life of a radioactive population →
Teaching section in Radioactive decay, half-life and mean life. Connect survival probability to measured activity, then test the assumptions behind an inferred age.
Concept section
Mechanical energy conservation →
Teaching section in Work, stored energy and power. Choose a system, account for each transfer and read possible motion from an energy balance.